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Commas separate the two initialization statements Each time the loop repeats, x is incremented and y s value is set by keyboard input Both x and y must be at the correct value for the loop to terminate Even though y s value is set by keyboard input, y must be initialized to 0 so that its value is defined before the first evaluation of the conditional expression (If y s value is not set, it could, by chance, contain the value 10, making the conditional test false and preventing the loop from executing) Another example of using multiple loop-control variables is found in the reverse( ) function shown here reverse( ) copies the contents of the first string into the second string, in reverse order For example, if "hello" is stored at s, then after the call r will point to "olleh"

The next task is to ensure that we do not open multiple windows for the same album file 1643 OPENING AN ALBUM TWICE In our current code for the Open menu, the user selects an album and a new child window is created to contain this album This is fine as long as the selected album has not been previously opened by the user In the case where a MainForm window already exists for the selected album, it would be more appropriate to simply display the existing window at the top of the z-order This can be done by searching through the list of child windows for one that displays the selected album The MdiChildren property in the Form class retrieves the collection of child forms assigned to an MDI container form This property can be treated like any other array to search for a matching form.

/* Copy s into r backwards */ void reverse(char *s, char *r) { int i, j; for(i=strlen(s)-1, j=0; i > =0; j++, i--) r[i] = s[j]; r[j] = '\0'; /* append null terminator */ }

Recreating DVD s Success A New Kind of Interactivity The Seamless User Experience Target Applications Additional Features Specialized User Input

The conditional expression does not have to involve testing the loop control variable against some target value In fact, the condition may be any relational or logical statement This means that you can test for several possible terminating conditions For example, you could use the following function to log a user onto a remote system The user has three tries to enter the password The loop terminates when the three tries are used up, or when the user enters the correct password

This property is useful whenever a specific form is desired, as we do here It can also be used to see if any child forms are present in an MDI application and to obtain the number of MDI child forms, although checking the ActiveMdiChild property is typically a more efficient mechanism for the former task 551.

void sign_on(void) { char str[20]; int x;

When implementing this change, we should keep in mind the fact that forms other than our MainForm class might be contained by this array. The following steps detail a solution for this change with this fact in mind.

10-1

3:

HANDLE AN ATTEMPT TO OPEN A DISPLAYED ALBUM Action 1 In the MainForm.cs code window, add a new AlbumFile property to retrieve the file name of the displayed album. Locate the

To solve the type of problem just described, C++ allows you to create a copy constructor, which the compiler uses when one object is used to initialize another When a copy constructor exists, the bitwise copy is bypassed The general form of a copy constructor is classname (const classname &o) { // body of constructor } Here, o is a reference to the object on the right side of the initialization It is permissible for a copy constructor to have additional parameters as long as they have default arguments defined for them However, in all cases the first parameter must be a reference to the object doing the initializing It is important to understand that C++ defines two distinct types of situations in which the value of one object is given to another The first is assignment The second is initialization, which can occur in three ways: I when one object explicitly initializes another, such as in a declaration I when a copy of an object is made to be passed to a function I when a temporary object is generated (most commonly, as a return value) The copy constructor applies only to initializations For example, assuming a class called myclass, and that y is an object of type myclass, each of the following statements involves initialization